263名武汉市学龄前儿童膳食结构调查分析

A Survey on Diet Structure of 263 Preschool Children in Wuhan City

目的了解武汉市学龄前儿童的膳食结构。方法随机整群抽取武汉市263名3-6岁儿童,采用自拟的儿童家庭社会环境与膳食结构及习惯调查问卷,分别对家长及儿童进行问卷调查。结果学龄前儿童的膳食结构不够科学,他们喜欢的前8位食物分别为：酸奶、蛋糕、巧克力、面包、香蕉、冰激凌、苹果、牛奶,喜欢率分别为92.78%、92.02%、91.63%、90.11%、86.69%、86.31%、86.31%、84.41%;最不喜欢的食物分别为苦瓜、洋葱、茄子、猪肝、芹菜、香菇,喜欢率分别为19.01%、38.78%、46.39%、50.19%、57.79%、58.94%。不同年龄组儿童对酸奶、蛋类、胡萝卜、梨子、猪肉、海鲜、烧烤、猪肝、洋葱、泡菜、苦瓜等食物的喜欢率间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。女童比男童更喜欢苹果、梨子（P值分别为0.03和0.02）,男童比女童更喜欢糖果、泡面、猪肝（P值分别为0.01,0.01和0.04）。应用Logistic回归分析方法进行多因素分析,发现父母接受过膳食培训、家庭饮食习惯、母孕期饮食结构、辅食添加种类、儿童为过敏体质、看电视时间分别是儿童喜欢猪肝、胡萝卜、洋葱、苦瓜、饮料、洋快餐、海鲜、糖果的危险因素。结论目前武汉市学龄前儿童存在膳食结构问题,应引起社会、家庭和儿保工作者的关注。

Objectives To understand diet structure of preschool children in Wuhan City.Methods 263 children of3-to 6-year-old in Wuhan City were selected by means of cluster random sampling,and a self-prepared questionnaire was used to learn about children,family,social environment and diet structure and habit and the questionnaire survey was conducted among parents and children respectively.Results The diet structure of preschool children was not scientific,and their top eight favorite foods were yogurt,cake,chocolate,bread,banana,ice cream,apple and milk,the preference rate were 92.78%,92.02%,91.63%,90.11%,86.69%,86.31%,86.31% and 84.41% respectively.Their least favorite foods were bitter gourd,onion,eggplant,pork liver,celery and lentinus edodes and the preference rate were 19.01%,38.78%,46.39%,50.19%,57.79% and 58.94% respectively.For the children of different age group,there was a statistically significant difference in the preference rate to yogurt,eggs,carrot,pear,pork,seafood,barbecue,pork liver,onion,pickled vegetables,bitter gourd（P〈0.05）.Girls preferred apple and pear more than boys（P were 0.03 and 0.02）,and boys preferred candy,instant noodles and pork liver more than girls（P were 0.01,0.01 and 0.04 respectively.）.Logistic regression analysis showed that parents receiving diet training,family eating habits,mother＇s diet structure during pregnancy,complementary food type,children with allergic constitution,and time of watching television were risk factors for children＇s loving pork liver,carrot,onion,bitter gourd,drinks,western fast food,seafood and candy.Conclusions At present,preschool children in Wuhan City have problems in diet structure,which should arouse concern from society,family and child health care workers.