碳排放权交易、行业竞争力与配额分配

Emissions Trading System,Industrial Competitiveness and Allowance's Allocation

由于各个行业的减排成本和减排潜力存在较大差异,只有准确测度各行业的减排潜力才能避免产业转移和碳泄漏。首先,本文阐述了对待行业差异性的基本原则的内涵,即需要从公平、效率和能力负担三个角度来审视行业的减排责任。其次,本文构建了贸易密集度、减排潜力、减排成本三个指标体系,全面考虑碳排放权交易给企业带来的影响,并利用湖北省分行业数据进行了测算。最后,本文利用贸易密集度、减排潜力和减排成本数据,综合测算确定了湖北省分行业碳控排系数。碳排放行业控排系数能够充分体现碳排放权交易体系对行业影响的差异性,提高配额分配的准确性,进而确保碳市场平稳运行,最大程度发挥碳交易体系的减排激励效果,避免产业转移,不仅对湖北省的经济发展和应对气候变化工作都具有重要意义,也为中国统一碳市场建设提供了借鉴。

There are huge differences in trade intensity,abatement costs and abatement potential among industries and we have to accurately measure these differences in order to prevent carbon leakage and industrial transfer. Firstly, the paper describes three basic principles： equity, efficiency and ability in determination of abatement responsibility for each industry. Secondly, the paper constructs three indicators： trade intensity, abatement potential, abatement costs to fully consider the impact of emissions trading system on the industries. Finally, this paper integrates three indicators to set up control coefficient for each industry using Hubei Province＇s date. Control coefficients can fully reflect the differences, improve the accuracy of allowances allocation, thus ensure the smooth operation of the carbon market, and maximize the incentive effects of emissions trading system for low carbon innovation and investment, and also provides a reference for Chinese unified carbon market development.