早产儿体格和运动发育的队列研究

Physique and motor development of preterm infants: a cohort study

目的探索早产儿的体格发育与运动发育情况,为提高早产儿生命质量提供理论依据。方法选取2012-2014年于该院高危儿随访中心随访的174例早产儿为观察组,同期,按矫正年龄随机抽取我院儿童保健科常规体检的同龄足月儿185例作为对照组。在早产儿矫正年龄6个月时,分别测量两组的体格发育指标和运动发育指标,并进行分析评估。结果早产儿体重、身长和头围三方面体格发育指标均落后于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);女婴、早期早产、小于胎龄儿均分别较男婴、轻型早产以及非小于胎龄儿体格发育落后(P<0.05)。此外,在矫正年龄6个月时早产儿大运动发育已追赶上同龄足月儿(P>0.05),而精细动作尚存在差距(P<0.05)。结论早产儿在矫正年龄6个月时仍存在不同程度的体格和神经运动系统发育落后,而早期早产和出生时小于胎龄儿尤其明显,早期充分的营养供给和智能训练对于提高早产儿的生命质量具有潜在的临床价值。

Objective To explore physique and motor development of preterm infants, provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life.＇ Methods A total of 174 premature infants were selected from the hospital from 2012 to 2014 as observation group, 185 mature infants of the same age during the same period were selected as control group. Physique and motor development indexes were measured and analyzed at the corrected age of 6 months. Results Weight, length, and head circumference of premature infants were significantly lower than those of mature infants （P〈0. 01 ） ; physique development of female, early preterm, and small for gestational age infants were worse than those of male, mild preterm, and non-small for gcstational age infants （P〈0. 05 ） . Gross motor development of premature infants caught up with mature infants at the corrected age of 6 months （ P〉0.05 ） , but there was gap in fine motor （ P〈0.05 ） . Conclusion At the corrected age of 6 months, preterm infants don＇t caught up with mature infants in terms of physique and neuromotor development, especially early preterm infants and small for gestational age infants. Early adequate nutrition and intelligent training might have potential value.