“五岳”来历与变迁的文化解释

Cultural Explanation of the Sacred Five Mountains of China

文章主要从文化的视角探讨了"五岳"名称如何从岳、四岳,并最终发展到五岳的过程,及五岳具体指代山体的变化。古文献最早出现的"岳"指代的是山水神灵,"四岳"演变为天子王土中的四方之山,两周时期出现的"五岳"初步具有礼制象征的含义,至秦汉时期确定五岳具体指代山体,由此五岳逐步成为国家大一统观念的产物。五岳具体所指主要包括东岳泰山,中岳嵩山,西岳华山,南岳衡山和北岳恒山,南岳北岳所指代的地理实体分别在隋和清时发生指称变化,这一变化是伴随国家疆域的扩大和帝都的迁移而进行的调整。五岳的来历及演变都说明了,五岳并非五座名山的简单加和,而是作为国家礼制象征的一元整体。

The name of Sacred Five Mountains of China experienced Yue, Four-Yue, Five-Yue, represents from Sacred Mountain to Mountains in four directions within King＇ s domain become the presentation of Great Unity conception. The Sacred Five Mountains of Chinaincludes East Yue Mt.Tai, Middle Yue Mt. Song, West Yue Mt. Hua, Nan Yue Mt. Heng, North Yue Mt. Heng. The latter two signified changed as the territory enlarged and the location of Capitals changed. The becoming and change of the Sacred Five Mountains declared that they are Unified One, symbolizing State Ceremonial System.