有机肥和氮肥不同施用量对白菜产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizer Amount and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield and Benefit of Chinese Cabbage

[目的]明确有利于提高白菜产量和经济效益的适宜的有机肥和氮肥用量。[方法]在磷肥、钾肥用量一致的基础上,设置4个有机肥和氮肥用量进行单独施用和配合施用,研究有机肥、氮肥不同用量对白菜经济性状、产量和经济效益的影响。[结果]无肥区白菜产量最低,仅11 075.0 kg/hm^2,施肥处理中只施用有机肥区产量最少,仅12 937.5 kg/hm^2,商品有机肥3 000.0 kg/hm^2,尿素150.0 kg/hm^2,普通磷酸钙300.0 kg/hm^2,硫酸钾375.0 kg/hm^2处理的产量最高,达19 525.0 kg/hm^2,经济效益也最大,达29 287.5元/hm^2。[结论]白菜作物大面积栽培建议施用商品有机肥3 000.0 kg/hm^2、尿素150.0 kg/hm^2、普通磷酸钙300.0 kg/hm^2、硫酸钾375.0 kg/hm^2,该配比既能提高白菜产量,又能促进有机肥与化肥互补,有利于作物吸收。

[Objective] To research the proper dosages of organic fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer to enhance the yield and economic benefits of Chinese cabbage.[ Method] Based on the same dosage of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer , four dosages of organic fertilizers and ni-trogenous fertilizers were designed for single application and combined application.[Result] Yield of no fertilizer region was the lowest, which was only 11 075.0 kg/hm2 .Among the fertilizer application treatments, single organic fertilizer treatment had the lowest yield, which was only 12 937.5 kg/hm2;while treatments of 3 000.0 kg/hm2 commerical organic fertilizer,150.0 kg/hm2 urea, 300.0 kg/hm2 ordinary superphosphate and 375.0 kg/hm2 potasslium sucfate was the highest, which was 19 525.0 kg/hm2; and their economic benefits were the maximum, reaching 29 287.5 yuan/hm2.[Conclusion] Research showed that based on large-area cultivation of Chinese cabbage, we suggest to adopt the treatment of 3 000.0 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer, 150.0 kg/hm2 urea, 300.0 kg/hm2 ordinary superphosphate and 375.0 kg/hm2 potassium sulfate.This treatment could enhance the yield of Chinese cabbage , promote the mutual complementation between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer , and is helpful to the crop absorption.