不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响

Effects of Fluorine Quantity on Rapeseed Growth and Soil Chemical Properties

[目的]探讨肥料中不同氟添加量对油菜生长及土壤化学性状的影响。[方法]采用油菜盆栽试验，通过比较不同氟添加量下的油菜产量、品质、生长特性及土壤化学性状，得到限制油菜生长的肥料氟化物阈值。[结果]肥料中添加氟对油菜生长有抑制作用，以200 mg／kg的添加量为临界值，大于此添加量油菜产量显著降低，与无氟添加量相比，油菜产量降低27．38％～37．82％；随氟添加量的增加，油菜蛋白质含量、含油量、可溶性糖含量均呈递减趋势，与无氟添加量相比，其含量显著降低的氟添加量临界值分别为300、200、100 mg／kg；施氟处理的油菜根系活力降低12．04％～41．83％，差异显著，而氟添加量为300～500 mg／kg处理的叶绿素含量显著降低，降低幅度为19．09％～32．11％；当氟添加量＞300 mg／kg时，土壤总氟含量显著增加，并超过油菜的耐氟阈值，土壤pH提高3．56％～7．73％。[结论]肥料中氟化物含量不宜超过300 mg／kg。

[ Objective] To discuss the effects of fluorine quantity in fertilizers on rapeseed growth and soil chemical properties.[Method] Rapeseed pot test was adopted.Rapeseed yield, quality, growth characters and soil chemical properties under different fluorine quantities were compared.Thus, the fertilizer fluoride threshold for restricting the rapeseed growth was obtained.[Result] Adding fluoride to fertilizer could inhibit rapeseed growth and the amount of 200 mg/kg was the critical value.When exceeding this threshold, the rapeseed yield decreased by 27.38%-37.82%.With the increase of fluoride dosage, rapeseed protein content, oil content, soluble sugar content decreased.Compared with adding no fluoride, and the critical values of fluorine quantity was 300, 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively.The root activity of rapeseed decreased by 12.04% -41.83%, and the difference was significant on fluorine application, and the chlorophyll content decreased by 19.09%-32.11% of 300-500 mg/kg fluorine application.The soil total fluorine content increased significantly when fluorine application was greater than 300 mg/kg, and this quantity exceeded the rapeseed growth fluoride threshold, but the soil pH enhanced by 3.56% -7.73%.[Conclusion] Fluoride content in fertilizer should not be more than 300 mg/kg.