金黄色葡萄球菌超抗原肠毒素临床应用研究进展

Progress in superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin in clinic

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素(staphylococcal enterotoxins,SEs)是由金黄色萄萄球菌产生的一类典型超抗原(Superantigen,SAg)。与传统抗原不同,超抗原无须经抗原提呈细胞(Antigen presenting cell,APC)加工处理,可直接与主要组织相容性复合体II类分子(Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules,MHC II)及T细胞受体Vβ区(Variable pacts of the T cells receptor,TCR Vβ)特异性结合,极低浓度即可刺激大量T细胞增殖,产生大量有生物学活性的细胞因子(如TNF-α、TNF-β、IFN-γ、IL-2等)和抗肿瘤效应。本文综述了近年来超抗原金葡球菌肠毒素在恶性肿瘤的临床应用、存在问题和解决策略等的进展,针对Trousseau综合征利用超抗原开发新药进行了展望,并介绍了SEC2在临床用于骨病治疗的情况。

The nature of the activity of staphylococcal enterotoxins（ SEs） on cells of the immune system puts them in a class of molecules designated as superantigen（ SAg）. Unlike conventional antigens,they bind to histocompatibility complex（ MHC） class II molecules outside the antigen-binding groove and are presented as unprocessed proteins to certain T cells expressing specific T-cell receptors（ TCRs） Vβ genes. Very low concentrations of SAg are able to activate an amount of resting T cells,thereby inducing massive cytokine release,including interleukin（ IL）-2,interferon（ IFN）-γ,and tumor necrosis factor（ TNF）,which produce significant tumor inhibition in vivo and in vitro. In this paper,recent advances of SAg SEs,including cure of malignant tumors in clinic,existing problems and solving strategies were reviewed. Also,future emphases on utilizing SAg SEs to research and develop novel drugs,which will be used tocure Trousseau syndrome were discussed. Finally,clinical appliacation of SEC2 in orthopedics was also introduced.