河北省冬枣黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及生物防治初探

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Black Spot Disease in Dongzao Fruits and Study on the Biocontrol

冬枣黑斑病是冬枣重要病害之一,目前多以化学农药进行防治,给自然环境和人类健康带来了严重的威胁。河北省是冬枣种植大省,进行冬枣黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定对冬枣黑斑病的有效防治具有重要意义。2014年8月至10月从河北省沧州、衡水、邯郸、邢台等地采集冬枣黑斑病病果,采用PDA培养基进行病原菌分离,从病样中共分离出2株分离频率较高的真菌,经过回接和再分离实验筛选出河北省冬枣黑斑病的致病菌株,经形态学和ITS序列分析初步确定该菌为细交链格孢(Alternaria alternata)。以枯草芽胞杆菌J18进行冬枣采后黑斑病的防治,浓度为1×108cfu/m L的菌液对病害的防效为80.67%。

Winter jujube of Dongzao（ Zizyphus jujuba Mill cv. Dongzao） black spot disease is one of important diseases,at present it is control mainly by chemical pesticide which causes serious threat of natural environment and human health. Hebei province is major province in Dongzao cultivation,therefore,the isolation and characterization of pathogens of Dongzao black spot disease possesses important significance for controlling the disease. Samples of sick fruit with black spot disease were collected from August to October in 2014 in Cangzhou,Hengshui,Handan,and Xingtai and other areas of Hebei Province,two fungal strains with high isolation rate were isolated from the samples.Back inoculation and re-isolation experiment had screened the pathogen that caused Dongzao black spot disease in Hebei Province. The pathogen was identified initially as Alternaria alternata based on the morphology and ITS sequencing analysis of the fungus. Bacillus subtilis J18 was taken to carry out the control the postharvest black spot disease of Dongzao fruit. The controlling efficiency was 80. 67% with 1 × 10^8 cfu / m L bacterial suspension.