G.A.科恩平等社会主义的建构及其批判

The Building and Critique of Gerald Allan Cohen‘s Egalitarian Socialism

作为英国著名的左翼学者,G.A.科恩谴责传统马克思主义所预设的两大历史性趋势已经过时,难以走向共产主义,批判罗尔斯囿于一般社会机构框架来调节收入差距,无法实现社会正义。借助野营旅行模型,他指出只有以伦理规范个体选择,以共享原则调节不平等,才能真正实现分配正义,走向社会主义。但其平等和共享原则太片面,两者相互冲突;其对市场功能的界定过于狭隘化,反市场的论点经不起逻辑推演;其虚构的野营旅行模型和伦理社会主义蓝图过于注重道德教化。

As a famous British New Left Scholar, Gerald Allan Cohen pointed out that two historical tendencies which traditional Marxism inferred were outdated and it was difficult to reach communism. He also gave a critique to Rawls, who focused on general social structure to temper income gap, that it was not easy to arrive in social justice. Through Camping Trip Model, he tried to testify that only by ethnical norms to mold personal choice and make use of sharing principle to temper inequality , can we satisfy distributive justice and socialism. Though analysis, his theory encountered a series of limits. Equality has a conflict with sharing principle. The definition of market function is too narrow to logical deduction. The camping trip model and blueprint of socialism had emphasized too much about ethical education and couldn＇t be checked by practice.