2013-2015年广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

Monitoring and analysis of food pollution by food-borne pathogens in Guangzhou City from 2013 to 2015

目的了解广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染及分布情况,发现食品安全隐患,为制定食品安全措施提供科学依据。方法 2013-2015年共采集广州市市售6类共1 633份食品样品,对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、创伤弧菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特氏菌等进行监测分析。结果 1 633份样品中共检出食源性致病菌132株,总检出率为8.08%。食源性致病菌中创伤弧菌的检出率最高(7.85%),其次分别为蜡样芽胞杆菌(7.01%)、副溶血性弧菌(3.48%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.36%)、致泻大肠埃希氏菌(1.47%)、单增李斯特氏菌(0.24%)和沙门氏菌(0.06%)。不同食品类别中生食动物性水产品检出率最高,达到了16.75%,其次分别为烘焙食品(11.93%)、凉拌菜(11.67%)、散装盒饭(9.33%)、预包装冷藏盒饭(5.42%)和熟肉制品(2.93%),不同食品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义。不同采样场所中采自餐饮店的食品食源性致病菌检出率最高(11.14%),其次分别为是零售店(9.11%)、超市(6.77%),最低的是农贸肉菜市场(4.32%)。散装食品食源性致病菌检出率(8.76%)高于预包装食品的检出率(4.73%)。结论广州市市售食品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染,应持续开展食品安全风险监测,有针对性地强化监管,预防和控制食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To understand the food - borne pathogens in food in Guangzhou, and to find the hidden dangers in food safety, and to provide scientific basis for developing food safety measures. Methods 1 633 samples of 6 kinds were collected from 2013 to 2015 for monitoring Vibrio parahemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus, Sal- monella, Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes. Results A total of 132 strains of food - borne pathogens were detected from 1 633 food samples. And the total detection rate was 8.08%. The highest detection rate was found in Vibrio vulnificus（7. 85% ）, fol- lowed by Bacillus cereus（7. 01% ）, Vibrio parahemolyticus（ 3. 48% ）, Staphylococcus aureus（ 2. 36% ）, Diarrheogenic escherichia coli（ 1.47% ）, Listeria monocytogenes（0. 24% ）, and Salmonella（0. 06% ）. The detection rate of food - borne pathogens in the ed- ible raw aquatic animal products was the highest（16. 75% ）, followed by baked goods（11. 93% ）, chinese salad（11. 67% ）, bulk box lunches（9. 33% ）, pre -packaged refrigerated lunch （5.42%）, and cooked meat products （2. 93% ）. The detection rate was significantly different in different food. The highest detection rate was found in eaterings （11.14%）, followed by retail store （9. 11% ）, supermarket（6. 77% ）, and the lowest was farmers markets（4. 32% ）. The detection rate of food - borne pathogens in bulk food （8.76%）was higher than the pre - packaged food （4. 73% ）. Conclusion There was contamination with food - borne pathogens at different degrees in consumption food in Guangzhou. The food safety risk monitoring should be continued to carry out, and to strengthen management targetedly to prevent and control the food - borne disease.