上海市金山区居民和中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况分析

Malaria awareness among residents and students during malaria elimination phase in Jinshan District,Shanghai City

目的了解上海市金山区居民和小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况,评估当地消除疟疾期间健康教育成效。方法2010年和2014年,在金山区分别采取分层抽样和整群抽样等方法,抽取3个行政村、1所中学、1所小学,对其中15岁以上的居民和学校学生进行问卷调查,了解该区消除疟疾前后居民及学生的疟疾防治知识知晓率情况。结果 2010年基线调查时,人群疟疾防治知识总知晓率为74.22%,居民和中小学生分别为75.68%、61.86%、72.20%;男、女知晓率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.755,P〉0.05）,居民知晓率高于中小学生（χ2=59.838,P〈0.01）;2010-2014年开展了一系列有关疟疾防治知识的健康教育。2014年终期考核调查时,人群疟疾总知晓率为96.03%,居民和中小学生分别为92.28%、98.59%、99.49%,中小学生知晓率明显高于居民（χ2=275.794,P〈0.01）。结论金山区通过健康教育课和社区宣传,提高了辖区居民疟疾防治知识知晓率,达到了消除疟疾评估要求。

Objective To understand the awareness status of knowledge on malaria control among residents and students,so as to evaluate the effectiveness of health education during the elimination phase of malaria in Jinshan District,Shanghai City.Methods In 2010 and 2014,the stratified sampling and cluster sampling methods were taken to select the investigation sites,including 3 villages,1 middle schools,1 primary school,then the residents above 15 years old and the students in the above selected sites were investigated by questionnaires to understand their awareness status on malaria control. Results In 2010,the general awareness rates of malaria control knowledge of the study objects were 74.22%,and those of the residents,middle school students,and primary school students were 75.68%,61.86% and 72.20%,respectively. There was no significant difference between the awareness rates of objects with different gender（ χ2= 1.755,P〉 0.05）. The rate of the residents was higher than that of the students（ χ2= 59.838,P〈 0.01）. From 2010 to 2014,a series of health education on malaria control was carried out. In 2014,the general awareness rate of knowledge on malaria control was 96.03%,and those of the residents,middle school student,and primary school students were 92.28%,98.59% and 99.49%,respectively. The awareness rate of the students was higher than that of the residents（χ~2= 275.794,P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Through the health education and community advocacy,the awareness rates of knowledge on malaria control among residents and students have improved and met the qualification of malaria elimination in Jinshan District.