美国公立大学学生管理法治化发展及启示——以“代理父母地位说”的消亡为视角

The Development of Legalization of Student Management in American Public Universities and Its Revelation: From the Perspective of In Loco Parentis Extinction

在美国高校与学生的法律关系史上"代理父母地位说"长期处于主导地位,直到20世纪60年代其地位才发生了动摇,并走向衰亡。文章从"代理父母地位说"发展历史入手,选取典型案例,对司法审查介入美国公立大学的学生管理程序进行分析,认为司法审查并不必然破坏大学的自治权,有限的司法监督可以帮助大学的治理程序合理合宪,有效保障学生权利。同时文章通过总结美国公立大学学生管理的有效经验,进而为我国完善相关立法提供一定的借鉴。

The doctrine of In Loco Parentis was the dominant doctrine in the legal history of the relationship between American universities colleges and students for a long time. Until 1960 s this doctrine moves to demise gradually. In this paper,the author briefly describes the history of In Loco Parentis,uses typical cases to analyze the process of judicial review intervention of student management in American public universities,and finds that judicial review will not violate the autonomy of university necessarily,whereas limited judicial review can help student management become more constitutional and rational,and thus protect students＇ rights more effectively. In this paper,the author also generalizes the experience of student management in American public universities and provides advice to complete relative laws in China.