寨卡病毒、寨卡病毒感染和诊治新进展

Progress in Zika Virus,its Infection,Diagnosis and Therapy

本文介绍了寨卡病毒的病原学特征,寨卡病毒感染的流行病学、临床表现和诊断治疗新进展。寨卡病毒是一种单链RNA病毒,属黄病毒科黄病毒属成员。主要通过伊蚊叮咬传播,其他传播方式还有性传播、血液传播、母婴传播。约20%感染者表现轻微症状,包括低热、斑丘疹、关节疼痛、结膜炎等,严重者采用对症治疗。寨卡病毒感染引起关注的重要原因是其神经系统并发症,包括吉兰巴雷综合征、孕妇感染引起胎儿的小头畸形等。确诊感染目前尚无金标准,主要是采用RT-PCR检测血清、唾液、组织、尿液、全血中寨卡病毒RNA。

This review summarizes the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnose and treatment of Zika virus （ZIKV） infection. ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. In addition to being transmitted by the Aedes mosquito to humans, the principal form of transmission, other uncommon transmission ways include blood, mother-baby and sexual contact. Only 20% of patients have mild symptoms, including fever, maeulopapular rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, etc. Severe patients require symptomatic treatment. ZIKV infection has caught much attention because of the neurological complications, including Guillan Barr6 （GBS） syndrome and microcephalic infants prenatally exposed ZIKV. No gold standard for diagnosis is available. RT-PCR is the main diagnostic tool to detect Zika virus RNA in serum, saliva, tissues, urine, and whole blood sample.