大学生社会资本:内涵,测量及其对就业的差异化影响

Social Capital of College Students: Connotation,Measurement and Differential Impacts on Employment

从场域、社会网络等理论出发,本研究从理论层面论证了大学生社会资本的概念内涵应包含家庭社会资本和学校社会资本两大类,并从大学生社会资本的测量工具不同于社会成年人的分析出发,进一步提出可从测量家庭社会网络关系和学校社会网络关系以及嵌入两个网络内的资源来测得大学生的社会资本。在理论分析基础上,本研究从实证层面对大学生社会资本做了家庭社会资本和学校社会资本的区分测量,并验证发现大学生的家庭社会资本和学校社会资本对大学生不同类型的就业产生不同方向和不同强度的影响:(1)在实现单位就业或自由职业/创业的就业可能性上,家庭社会资本并没有显著差异,而学校社会资本更有助于自由职业/创业的实现;(2)在实现升学/出国或自由职业/创业的就业可能性,家庭社会资本更有助于自由职业/创业的实现,而学校社会资本则更有助于升学/出国的实现,且后者作用强度大;(3)在实现升学/出国或单位就业的就业可能性上,家庭社会资本更有助于单位就业,而学校社会资本则更有助于升学/出国,且后者的相对作用强度更大。

Deducing from the theories of field and social networking,this study proposes that college students＇ social capital ought to include both family-of-origin social capital component and campus social capital component. Accordingly,college students＇ social capital can be measured by reviewing family-of-origin social network and campus social network and corresponding embedded resources in them. Moreover,this study distinguishes the two social capital components and finds that these two components have different effects on the students＇ employment. Employments are categorized into three classes： employed,self-employed/entrepreneurship,continuous study for advanced degree either at home and abroad. We find that（ 1） Campus social capital plays a role in choosing between employed and self-employed while family-of-origin social capital is irrelevant;（ 2） family-of-origin social capital increases the propensity of self-employed over continuous study,whereas campus social capital increases the propensity of continuous study over self-employed;（ 3） family-of-origin social capital increases the propensity of employed over continuous study,whereas campus social capital increases the propensity of continuous study over employed. In addition,campus social capital always has greater impact than family-of-origin in magnitude in choosing employments.