无机陶瓷固体电解质基固态锂空气电池的研究进展及挑战

Progress and Challenges for Solid-State Li-Air Batteries Based on Inorganic Ceramic Solid Electrolytes

锂空气电池具有远高于锂离子电池的理论能量密度,是新一代高比能储能体系研发的热点。其中,以有机液体电解液为基础的非水系锂空气电池具有优异的可充电性能,最受人们关注。但研究发现常用的有机电解液在工作时易自身发生分解形成碳酸盐,严重损害电池的可逆性。同时,有机电解液的易燃性、易挥发性以及难以阻挡空气中H2O、CO2等非氧组分对锂负极的侵蚀等不足,更不利于高性能非水系锂空气电池的开发。使用无机陶瓷固体电解质构筑全固态锂空气电池有望从根本上解决上述问题,推动锂氧电池向锂空气电池发展。本文从电池结构、电极和电解质材料及反应机制等方面概述陶瓷电解质基固态锂空气电池近来的研究进展及其面临的挑战。

Aprotic Li-air batteries （LABs） have attracted intensive interest because of their highest theoretical energy density comparedwith other available battery systems. However, recent research results demonstrated that the organic electrolytes tend to decompose andform carbonates during charge/and discharge process, which severely impairs the reversibility of such batteries. Moreover, the problemsrelated to the organic electrolytes like flammability, volatility as well as incapacity to block the penetration of non-oxygen components fromair will hinder the development of high performance aprotic LABs. Replacing organic electrolytes with inorganic ceramic solid electrolytesis promising to completely solve these problems and promotes the development from lithium oxygen batteries to lithium air batteries. Thispaper summarizes the progress and challenges for solid-state Li-air batteries based on inorganic ceramic solid electrolytes from the aspects ofbattery architecture, materials （electrodes and electrolytes） and reaction mechanism.