玉皇庙山戎墓土遗址的盐分调查研究

Investigation of soluble salts in Yuhuangmiao Shanrong tomb site

玉皇庙山戎墓土遗址中可溶-微溶盐导致的遗址表面酥碱、起甲、泛白和块状脱落等病害较为严重。本文利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、离子色谱(IC)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及透射电镜(TEM)等分析方法测定了玉皇庙山戎墓土遗址不同位置取样点及距遗址表面及不同深度处样品中可溶盐的成分及含量,并分析了盐分对遗址的破坏可能机制。结果表明,该遗址的样品中主要的可溶盐是Na_2Ca(SO_4)_2、Na_2SO_4、NaCl,微溶盐主要是CaSO_4和CaSO_4·2H_2O,此外还含有少量的CaCl_2·6H_2O、KNO_3、KCl、MgCl_2、K_2SO_4和MgSO_4等。随着取样深度增加,样品中各盐分的种类及含量有所减少,此种分布规律可能与可溶盐的赋存环境及水分运移有关。这些结果对于玉皇庙山戎墓土遗址的保护具有一定的参考价值。

Soluble-slightly salts resulted in earthen site surface efflorescence,flaking,whitening and block off and other serious diseases in Yuhuangmiao Shanrong Tomb Site. In this study,the components and contents of soluble salts at different position were analyzed by analysis such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry（ XRF）,ion chromatography（ IC）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（ XPS）,X-ray diffraction（ XRD） and Transmission electron microscopy（ TEM） etc.,methods qualitatively and quantitatively.And the damage of salt to the soil structure of the site was analyzed as well. The results showed that the main components of the soluble salts were Na2Ca（ SO4）2、Na2SO4、NaCl,and slight soluble salt were CaSO4 and CaSO4·2H2O. In addition,a small amount of CaCl2·6H2O、KNO3、KCl、MgCl2、K2SO4and MgSO4 existed in soil samples. With increase of sampling depth,salt content and types gradually decrease. The results indicated that the distribution of salts was closely related to water movement and existing environment. The obtained results provide useful information for conservation of earthen sites. These results have some reference value for the protection of soil Yuhuangmiao Shanrong tomb sites.