东南亚特种水稻种质资源光合特性研究

Photosynthetic Characters of Special Rice Germplasm Resources from Southeast Asia

东南亚国家丰富的自然资源和多样化的种植与消费习惯,孕育了大量的特种水稻资源,如有色稻、糯稻和香稻等。这些资源长期在相对封闭的区域种植,基因高度纯合,表型十分稳定,是进行遗传和生理特性研究的良好材料。本研究对56份越南、老挝、柬埔寨的特种水稻资源进行光合指标测定和统计分析,结果表明供试材料的光合速率(Pn)和光合功能期差异(RSP)均表现为极显著水平,均值分别为27.15μmol/m2·s和35.3 d;进一步对这两个指标进行二维排序绘制象限图,从中筛选出了Pn和RSP均值较高的种质资源14份,占总数的25%,这些高光效特种稻种质资源可作为特种品种选育的中间材料,同时也可为光合机理研究、高光效基因定位等提供基因资源。探讨了特种稻光合速率与农艺性状之间的相关性,其中,C1、C2、C29、C43、C49、C54、C56、C59、C60和C62株型为中间类型、叶片颜色为绿色或深绿、剑叶状态为中间类型或直立,其光合速率相对高一些,为潜在的高光效育种材料。

In Southeast Asia countries,diversified natural resources,planting practice and consumption habit gave birth to a large number of special rice resources,including the colored rice,glutinous rice and fragrant rice types. These resources were long-term planted in relatively closed area,therefore,possessed highly homozygous genes and stable phenotypic characteristics. They are ideal materials for genetic and physiological research. Fifty-six special rice resources collected from Vietnam,Laos and Cambodia were used to measure their photosynthetic parameters and statistical analysis. The results showed that photosynthetic rate（Pn） and photosynthetic function duration（RSP） of the tested materials were extremely significant level,with the average values being 27. 15 μmol/m2·s and 35. 3 d respectively. By making two-dimensional drawing quadrant,screened out 14 germplasm with relatively higher Pn and RSP,accounting 25% of the total. These germplasm can be used as an intermediate material of special rice type breeding,but also provides genetic resources for the photosynthetic mechanism research and high efficiency gene mapping. In additions,the correlation between special rice photosynthesis rate and agronomic traits were discussed. It was suggested that plants with intermediate plant type,green or dark green leaf color,erect or intermedi-ate flag leaf state type,relatively high photosynthetic rate,will be a potential material of high photosynthetic breeding.