抗赤霉病小麦地方品种黄方柱和海盐种EMS突变体的变异分析

Evaluation of Phenotypic Variation of EMS-induced Mutants of Chinese Wheat Landraces Huangfangzhu and Haiyanzhong Resistant to Fusarium Head Blight

突变体对增加小麦资源的遗传多样性,克隆和解析重要农艺、产量和抗性相关基因具有重要的意义。本研究以高抗赤霉病小麦品种黄方柱（HFZ）及其11个甲磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱导的纯合突变体（F2-F12,Mu4）,以及海盐种（HYZ）及其12个EMS纯合突变体（Y2-Y13,Mu4）为材料,在扬花期利用单花滴注鉴定赤霉病扩展抗性,灌浆期测定了分蘖数、株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、叶绿素含量,收获后测定千粒重、粒长、粒宽、每穗小穗数和每穗粒数共计11个性状。每一个突变体至少在一个性状上与野生型存在显著差异。黄方柱突变系F6、F9和F12以及海盐种突变系Y6、Y7和Y9病小穗率均显著高于相应野生型,达中感或高感水平,因此,这6个突变体是研究赤霉病扩展抗性的理想材料。此外,海盐种突变体株高、千粒重、每穗粒数和粒宽均低于或显著低于野生型。对野生型和突变体采用了基于最小组内平方和距离的动态聚类分析方法,综合评价了野生型与突变体以及突变体相互之间的相似情况。株高等农艺性状显著优于野生型但赤霉病抗性与野生型类似的突变体（如F2、F7、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y8、Y10和Y12）可为农艺性状的遗传研究和抗赤育种亲本选配提供重要的资源。

Mutants are valuable for expanding the genetic diversity of wheat resources,cloning of genes for economically important traits. In this paper,11 traits of the Chinese wheat landrace Huangfangzhu（HFZ） and its 11 EMS-induced mutants（F2 - F12,Mu4）,and the Chinese wheat landrace Haiyanzhong（HYZ） and its 12EMS-induced mutants（Y2 - Y13,Mu4） were investigated,and these traits including type 2 resistance to FHB after single floret inoculation method at anthesis,number of tillers per plant,plant height,flag leaf length,flag leaf width and chlorophyll content（SPAD value） at filling stage,and 1000-grain weight,grain length,grain width,number of spikelets per spike and number of grains per spike after harvest. At least one of 11 traits showed significant differences between the mutants and the wildtypes. Both the wildtypes confer a moderate to high level of resistance to FHB. HFZ-derived mutants F6,F9 and F12 as well as HYZ-derived mutants Y6,Y7 and Y9 showed moderate to high susceptibility to FHB,thus were the ideal lines for understanding type 2 resistance to FHB. HYZ-derived mutants had lower values than the wildtype in plant height,1000-grain weight,number of grains per spike and grain width. Dynamic clustering analysis classified the wildtypes and their mu-tants into 3 distinct groups in both the two populations,which allowed for understanding the potential genetic relationships among the lines. Those mutants such as F2,F7,Y2,Y3,Y4,Y8,Y10 and Y12,which had remarkedly improved agronomic traits but kept similar resistance to FHB to the wild types,could be useful in wheat genetics and breeding.