找回家庭:重构现代国家建设的社会基础

Back to Family: Reconstructing the Social Basis of the Construction of Modern States

家庭是现代国家建设的重要组成部分。伴随工业社会的发展,原本隶属于私人领域的家庭事务逐渐进入公共空间。家庭政策是现代国家干预家庭事务的基本方式,其所涉及的核心问题是家庭与国家之间的权力边界。当前主要有三种家庭政策模式:家庭事务分离模式、家庭事务共担模式和家庭事务转移模式。前两种家庭政策模式从经济和社会的角度弱化了家庭本身的存在价值;东亚国家普遍采用的家庭事务转移模式,试图淡化国家与家庭之间的权力边界,家庭成为国家的政治同盟。伴随全球化的发展,家庭事务转移模式同样面临着双重困境:一是家庭成员日益觉醒的权利意识与集体主义的国家建设路径之间矛盾加深;二是东亚家庭在国家、市场和社会的权力角逐中日渐式微。

Family is an important part of the construction of a modem country. Accompanying the devel- opment of industrial society, the family affairs originally attached to private areas gradually come to the public space. Family policies are basic means of intervening in family affairs by modem countries. The core issue is the power boundary between families and the State. Nowadays, there are three models of family policies ： fami- ly-affair separation model, family-affair sharing model and family-affair transfer model. The first two models have weakened family＇ s own value in the economic and social perspective; the family-affair transfer model widely adopted by East Asian countries try to blur the power boundary between family and the State, identifying families as the nation＇ s political allies. However, with the development of the globalization, family-affair trans- fer model also faces double predicaments： first, there is a deepening contradiction between the family mem- bers＇ awakening sense of rights and the collectivistic path of constructing the nation; second, East Asian fami- lies are playing a waning role in the competition for power with the State, market and society.