基于DPSIR模型的湖南省生态安全评价及安全格局分析

Ecological security assessment and pattern analysis of Hunan Province based on DPSIR model

运用驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应(DPSIR)模型,通过构建湖南省生态安全指标评价体系,系统研究了1989-2012年间湖南省各区域生态安全状况,探讨诱发其变化的各种因子及其相互作用机制。结果表明,湖南省生态安全状况整体呈现从安全状态降为轻度预警状态的趋势,生态安全指数由0.550降至0.420,其中驱动力指数由0.140降至0.052,压力指数由0.204降至0.007,状态指数由0.092降至0.044,影响指数由0.074上升至0.220,响应指数由0.057上升至0.098。就安全格局而言,处于轻度预警状态的城市比例增大,13个城市中处于轻度预警状态的城市达9个,湘中、湘南与湘西地区生态安全度要高于长株潭地区与湘北平原湖区。生态安全状况的变化是自然与人为因素双重作用的结果,城市扩张、工农业污染、自然灾害及对资源不合理的开发是影响湖南省生态安全的关键性因素。因此,针对当前生态安全现状,从城市规划,耕地保护,经济结构调整和矿山管理4个方面提出了提升该区域生态安全的对策。

Applying the model of driving forces - pressures - status - impacts - responses （DPSIR）, this paper constructed an eco-security assessment index system to evaluate the eco-security situation of Hunan Province, to identify the influencing factors, and to explore the factor interaction mechanism. Results show that the eco-security status of Hunan Province downgraded from security status to mild warning status. The eco-security index decreased from 0.550 to 0.420, the driving force index dropped from 0.140 to 0.052, the pressure index dropped from 0.204 to 0.007, status index dropped from 0.092 to 0.044, the impact index increased from 0.074 to 0.220, and the response index increased from 0.057 to 0.098. As for the security patterns, the proportion of the cities under mild alert has been increasing and 9 cities were under mild alert. The eco-security degrees in the Centre Hunan, Southern Hunan and Western Hunan regions were much higher than those of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan regions and the northern plain lake areas. Urban expansion, industrial and agricultural pollution, natural disasters, and irrational exploitation and utilization of resources are key factors affecting the eco-security of Hunan Province. Finally, according to the current situation of ecological security in this area, to improve the eco-security of Hunan Province, this paper provides the following suggestions： to perfect urban planning, to enhance land protection, and to adjust the economic structure and management of mines.