创业者社会网络、资源获取对农村微型企业创业绩效的影响研究

Research on the influences of entrepreneurs' social network and resource acquisition on the business performances of rural microenterprises

利用黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古4省(区)农村微型企业实际调查数据,构建"创业者社会网络—资源获取—创业绩效"递进理论模型,运用结构方程模型方法,分析并探讨创业者社会网络、资源获取对农村微型企业创业绩效影响机理。结果表明,宽泛的创业者社会网络有利于企业获得多元化创业资源进而转化为农村微型企业创业绩效;个人网络对资产型资源获取能力高于知识型资源获取,商业网络对知识型资源获取能力高于资源型资源获取;资产型资源对农村微型企业生存绩效和创新绩效有显著促进作用,对成长绩效影响不显著;知识型资源对农村微型企业成长绩效和创新绩效有显著的促进作用,对生存绩效影响不显著,且对创新绩效的影响程度高于成长绩效。政策导向应注重个人网络对农村微型企业资源获取的基础作用,提升商业网络引致效果,保证创业资源与创业绩效"匹配"转化。

Based on the survey data on the rural micro enterprises in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and eastern Inner-Mongolia, and applying the structural equation framework, this paper built a progressive theoretic model, incorporating three components including entrepreneur＇s social network, entrepreneur＇s resource acquisition, and business performance, and conducted an empirical analysis to reveal the influnencing mechanism of entrepreneurs＇ social networking and resource acquisition to the business performances of rural microenterprises. Results show that： 1） a broad social network is benificial for enterprises to acquire diversified entrepreneurial resources, which can be transformed into the business performance of rural microenterprises; 2） personal network is effective in acquiring asset resources than acquiring knowledge resources, while the business network is more effective in acquiring knowledge resources than acquiring asset resources, while asset resources have significant enhancing effects on the survival performance and innovation performance of rural microenterprises and little influence on the growth performance; and 3） knowledge resource plays a significant role in enhancing the growth performance and innovation performance （larger impact on innovation performance than on growth performance）, and with insignificant influence to the survival performance. This paper suggests that to guarantee a matching transformation from entrepreneurial resources to business performances, supporting polices should focus on how to unleash the fundamental role of personal network to the resource acquisition of rural microenterprise, and on how to enhance the acquiring functions of business network.