大学章程的效力约束及对策思考

Effect Constraint of University Statutes and Countermeasure Thinking

章程作为大学根本的组织规范,对大学发展至关重要。我国大学章程长时期的阙如,表明了无章运行的大学在法律违法性之上有了政治正当性的庇护。相关政策文件的密集颁布重新赋予了无章运行的大学之"政治不正确",大学为了维护其政治正确,"大学立宪"运动从而得以发生。作为章程关系相对方的制定主体与核准主体地位的非对称性,大学章程核准的行政审批性质,以及置身于转型时期整个政治法律环境的大学章程采取"单兵突进"的制定和完善方式,严重约束了大学章程的效力。消除大学章程的效力约束,提高大学章程效力需要从政府行政、国家立法以及大学自身建设三个维度来进行探索。

As a fundamental organization criterion, university statutes is crucial to the development of university. It seems to be demonstrated, by prolonged absence of university statutes, that regardless of the illegitimacy, the unregulated operation of university was granted by political correctness. However, things are starting to change. Intensively issued policies on university governance portray those universities without statutes as political incorrectness, as a response to which, a campaign of establishing university statutes begins. But, the authority of university statutes will be severely diminished, considering the fact that the statutes has to be examined and approved by the administration, the asymmetry between the power of subjects who draft the statutes and subjects who approve it , and the isolated strategy of development under the background of political and legal environment during the transformation era. To unleash the power of university statutes, explorations in such three dimensions will be needed： government administration, national legislation, and university development.