延边地区苹果梨授粉昆虫资源调查

Investigation of Apple-pears Pollination Insects Resources in Yanbiankorean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province

吉林省延边地区为我国苹果梨主要产区,对地区经济发展的作用举足轻重。但近年来人工授粉成本渐高,急需新的授粉方法取代,而昆虫无疑是最佳的选择,调查研究苹果梨授粉昆虫资源,对产业发展意义重大。选择5棵代表性生境样点植株作为调查目标,采用定点观测和踏查结合的方式,调查苹果梨授粉昆虫资源,研究影响昆虫授粉的因素,探讨延边地区苹果梨授粉方式及蜜蜂授粉的应用前景。吉林延边苹果梨产区苹果梨花期访花昆虫5目13科16种,膜翅目和双翅目为优势种;各样点访花昆虫种类占生境昆虫总数的近1/3,但访花频率极低;蜂场1 km范围内,蜜蜂访花率较高,占昆虫总数的94.74%以上,占有绝对优势;农药可能是导致梨园访花昆虫稀少的主要原因之一;蜜蜂授粉具有易驯化、节约成本、坐果率高、安全高效等优势,为苹果梨授粉前景广阔。

Yanbiankorean autonomous prefecture of Jilin province is main production areas of apple-pears in China, which plays an important role of regional economic development. But in recent years artificial pollination cost increased gradually, therefore a new pollination method need to replace it, and insects is definitely the best choice. It is significant to investigate pollination insects of apple-pears. We chose five samples grew in representative habitat , using fixed-point observation and investigate, pollination insects of apple-pears were investigated, the influencing factors of insect pollination were studied, and we explored the pollination way and the bees pollination prospect.The results showed that 16 species belonging to 13 families and 5 orders were found. Species of hymenoptera and diptera were dominant pollinating insects. At Various sites pollination insectsalmost accounted for a third, but pollination frequency is extremely low. Within 1 km scope of apiary, bee pollination rate which was over 94.74% was higher. Pesticides may be one of the main reasons for causing scare pollination insects. Pollination by bees has advantages of easy domestication, cost savings, rate higher fruit-set, safety and high efficiency. which will have broad prospects for pollinating apple pear.