论近代中国民族企业“事业集合”思想

On National Enterprises' Thought of“Business Integration”in Modern China

进入20世纪,中国民族企业界逐渐认识到企业扩张发展的大势,形成了"事业集合"的经营思想,明确了扩张发展所具的"横连""纵合""多角"三种维度。其中"横连"降低成本,利于研发、改良,避免恶性竞争,但规模过大容易导致内部管理混乱;"纵合"节省交易成本,却易出现生产平衡问题;"多角经营法"便于分散风险及内部挹注,但处理不当会造成危机扩散和内部拖累。民族企业必须权衡以确定实行路径。这一经营思想对近代中国民族企业的发展起到了积极的作用,且与现代经济学的产业链整合、企业一体化等理论有一定契合,具有重要的理论价值。

The 20 th century saw Chinese national enterprises been gradually aware of the trend towards scale expansion,and developed the thought of business integration including three dimensions of being horizontal,vertical,and diversified as well,and analyzed and summarized its pros and cons in detail. Horizontal integration can reduce costs,avoid vicious competition,make research and development convenient,but bring internal management issues with excessively large scale. Vertical integration avoids transaction costs,and also brings production balance problems. Diversification makes risk dispersed and gets internal capital injection,and yet cause crisis spreading with misconduct. This management thought is the origin of the industry chain or enterprise integration theory in modern Chinese discourse expression,and has positive guidance on the development of national enterprises in modern China.