花粉直感效应对“富士”苹果套袋果实挥发性成分的影响

Effect of Metaxenia on Volatile Compounds in Bagged Fruits of ‘Fuji' Apple

以"烟富3"富士苹果为试材,研究比较了在2个试验地点,采用5个品种授粉的花粉直感效应对"富士"苹果套袋果实挥发性成分的影响,以期筛选适宜的授粉品种并为套袋"富士"风味品质提升技术提供参考。结果表明:5个授粉品种对"富士"套袋果实挥发性成分存在显著的花粉直感效应,在2个试验点的"富士"果实挥发性成分和特征香气成分数量均以"金冠"授粉较多,以"嘎拉"授粉较少,"新红星""锦绣海棠"和"红宝石"授粉在2个试验地间存在差异,主要由于有12种成分仅在部分样品中检测到,这些差异成分含量均较低,除2-甲基丁酸乙酯,其它成分对果实香味没有影响;"新红星""红宝石"对提高醇类含量有显著地促进作用,"金冠""新红星"和"嘎拉"对提高醛类含量有显著地促进作用,而"金冠""新红星"和"红宝石"对于酯类和萜烯类成分含量的提高作用更显著,"锦绣海棠"授粉时,果实4类挥发性成分含量均较低;授粉品种在不同地点对套袋"富士"果实挥发性成分的花粉直感效应相对稳定。

In order to provide the reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties and putting forward bagged fruit flavor quality promoting technologies of ＇Fuji＇ apple,with ＇Yanfu No. 3 Fuji＇ apple as test materials, the effect of metaxenia on volatile compounds in bagged fruits of ＇Fuji＇ was studied using five varieties in two experiment site. The results showed significant metaxenia effect of five pollination varieties on volatiles of ＇Fuji＇ fruit. The numbers of volatile and characteristic compounds in bagged fruits of ＇Fuji＇ was higher using ＇Golden Delicious＇ pollination and lower using ＇Gala＇ in two sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile and characteristic compounds of ＇Fuji＇ pollinated by ＇Starkrimson＇, ＇Jinxiuhaitang＇ and ＇Ruby＇. The differences were caused by 12 compounds only existing in some samples. The contents of these differentially existing compounds were low. All of them were not the aroma contributors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. ＇Starkrimson＇ and ＇Ruby＇ pollination could increase alcohols contents in bagged fruits of ＇ Fuji ＇ largely. ＇ Golden Delicious ＇ ＇ Starkrimson＇ and ＇ Gala ＇ pollination could obviously promote aldehydes contents. Esters and terpenes could increase significantly after ＇Golden Delicious＇ ＇Starkrimson＇ and ＇Ruby＇ pollination. Non-significant promoting effect of ＇Jinxiuhaitang＇ pollination on four volatile categories was detected. Metaxenia of different pollination varieties on volatile compounds of bagged ＇Fuji＇ fruits was relatively stable in different sites.