德国应用技术大学专业设置及学生专业选择——以德国代根多夫应用技术大学为例

Specialty setting and students' specialty choices of German universities of applied sciences:Taking Technische Hochschule Deggendorf as an example

与区域产业转型发展深度融合的应用性专业设置以及灵活的学生专业选择政策,是德国应用技术大学的显著特征。以德国代根多夫应用技术大学为例,可以得到相关借鉴与启示:第一,建立人才需求预测和专业预警机制、专业动态评估制度,推进服务产业的特色专业和专业群建设,构建契合产业发展、根植当地、特色鲜明的专业体系,以实现应用型人才培养定位。第二,制定和实施行业企业和用人单位参与的理事会(董事会)制度、专业设置评议制度、人才培养绩效评价制度等,加强产教融合的专业设置,推动应用型人才培养模式创新。第三,建立学生专业选择下的专业竞争机制,促进高校优化专业设置,提升人才培养质量。

German universities of applied sciences are characterized by applied specialty setting integrated deeply into the transformation and development of regional industry and flexible choice policy of students＇ specialties. Taking Deggendorf Institute of Technology as an example,the practices of applied specialty setting and students＇ specialty choices of German universities of applied sciences are focused. The advantages of the universities in specialty setting and the students＇ specialty choices are discussed. The cultivation orientation of applied professionals can be realized by three ways： establishing a talent demand forecasting and specialty early preditting system;formulating a dynamic specialty evaluation system,and promoting the construction of characteristic specialty and specialty groups that serve diversified sectors of the industry; constructing a distinguished specialty system catered to the regional industrial development. Secondly,the innovation of the training mode of applied professionals can be promoted by two ways： formulating and implementing the directors or board system participated by industry and enterprises,evaluation system of specialty setting,and performance evaluation system of professionals training,strengthening industry and education integrated specialty setting. Thirdly, specialty settings can be optimized by establishing students＇ specialty choice-based specialty competition mechanism.