行政处罚中行政相对人违法行为制止研究

Research on the Violation of Administrative Relative Person's Illegal Behavior in Administrative Punishment

我国《行政处罚法》在总则部分确立了处罚与纠正相结合的原则,这一原则若明若暗地包含了行政主体制止违法行为的义务。然而,行政处罚实践证明,行政主体在实施行政处罚时,更多将重点集中于对违法行为的制裁上,没有或者很少同时对行政相对人的违法行为予以制止。从深层次分析,其所追求的仅仅是对行政秩序和行政权威的维护,与行政法治的精神背道而驰。只有建立行政处罚中违法行为制止制度,才能纠正行政处罚将报应和制裁作为目的的片面观念,从而使这一制度在法治轨道上运行。基于此,必须建构行政处罚辅助权威制度、行政处罚去利益化制度、行政处罚后评估制度和行政处罚责任追究制度。

China＇s ＂Administrative Punishment Law＂established the principle of combining punishment and correction in the General Section,which contains indistinctly administrative body＇s duty to stop the illegal acts. However,the practice proved that the administrative body focuses more on the administrative punishment of the violations,while not at the same time,or in very few cases to stop the violations of the administrative relative person. From the deep analysis,the pursuit is only for the administrative order and the safeguard of administrative authority,which is against the spirit of the rule of law. Only by the establishment of stopping illegal behavior in the administrative punishment system,can we rectify the wrong notions of administrative sanctions as retribution and punishment,thus ensure the operation of the system on the right track. Based on this,we must construct the auxiliary administrative punishment authority system of administrative punishment,the interests separating system,the evaluation system of administrative punishment,and the administrative punishment accountability system.