供给侧改革下农村土地使用权流转的问题及对策——以陕西省户县为例

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of the Circulation of Rural Land Use Rights Under the Reform of Supply Side——Taking Huxian in Shaanxi Province as an Example

我国农村自改革开放后实行家庭联产承包制的土地政策,这一政策使集体土地所有权与使用权、经营权和收益权分离,很大程度上促进了我国土地的流转,使土地流转政策开始活跃起来。但是,家庭联产承包制的出现有其特定的历史因素和环境,这一特定的历史条件使得这一土地政策主要是依靠农民群众自发力量来实现和推动的,因而这一早期的土地流转制度存在一定的缺陷。随着后期生产力的发展和经济条件的逐步提高,这一缺陷越发明显。诸如农村土地流转中的所有权主体模糊化使得现行土地流转制度困难;土地流转变更频繁导致农村人地关系不稳定;农户土地规模小,流转受困导致经济效益低下;农村土地转让收益分配不均导致农户土地纠纷严重等诸。这些土地问题集中在土地使用权流转上就会大大阻碍土地流转市场的健康运作和发展。

Since the reform and opening up in China, the land policy of household contract system has put into use. This policy led to the separation of collective land ownership and the use right, the management right and the right of use, which has greatly promoted the circulation of the land in our country. Thus, the land circulation policy becomes active. However, the specific historical factors and environment emerge in the household contract system, which make this land policy mainly rely on the masses of farmers to promote the policy implementation. Therefore, the early land transfer system has some defects. With the development of productive forces and economic conditions, the defects become more and more obvious. The vague ownership of rural land circulation makes the current land circulation difficult to carry on; frequent land transfer causes unstable rural human relations; the small scale of rural land circulation results in low economic benefits; income inequality of rural land transfer also causes serious land disputes .These land issues focus on the transfer of land use rights that will hinder the healthy operation and development of the land transfer market.