从结束开始:快递末端投递法律问题再审视

Starting from the End:A Review of Legal Issues on the Terminal Delivery of Express Delivery Service

我国快递末端投递通过直营、加盟连锁、代理和智能投递四种模式完成。直营模式是"总公司—子公司—分公司"组成的金字塔结构;加盟连锁模式是纵向法律关系和横向法律关系的交织结构;代理模式分为"快递公司—代理人"和"快递用户—代理人"两种不同的代理模式,均遵循代理法则的基本结构;智能投递模式包括直营式智能快件箱和第三方智能快件箱,在后者中智能快件箱运营者与快递公司形成租赁和承揽的双重法律关系。快递立法应对这四种模式的法律结构进行深入且具体的剖析,并在此基础上,明晰相关主体之间的权利义务关系,确定责任的主体、类型、范围和具体的承担规则。

Terminal delivery of express delivery service in China is mainly accomplished by four modes：the corporate direct mode,franchise chain mode,proxy mode and intelligent delivery mode.The corporate direct mode,consisting of＂parent company-subsidiary-branch＂,is a pyramidal structure.The franchise chain mode is a structure in which vertical legal relationship is interwoven with lateral legal relationship.The proxy mode comprises two different proxy forms,＂express delivery enterprise-agent＂and＂user-agent＂,both of which conform to the basic structure of proxy rules.The intelligent delivery mode includes the intelligent delivery locker provided directly by the express delivery enterprise and the intelligent delivery locker provided by the third party,and in the latter the third party operator of intelligent delivery locker and the express delivery enterprise who uses the locker belongs to the dual legal relationships,namely the leasing relationship and the working relationship.The legislation on express delivery should perform in-depth and specific dissection of the legal structure of the four modes,on the basis of which legislators should clarify relationship of rights and duties among relevant subjects,and determine the subjects,types,scopes and the specific undertaking rules of responsibility.