粤东北客家传统民居建筑装饰的类型与特征

Types and Characteristics of Hakka Traditional Residential Building Decoration in Northeast Guangdong

粤东北客家传统民居可以分为杠屋、堂横屋、围龙屋、围楼以及其它共五大类,其装饰可分为功能性装饰、功能性与审美性结合的装饰、审美性装饰三大类。它们在历史上存在着前素朴后繁复的装饰程度之别;在装饰区域上存着在重礼仪厅堂轻生活空间的轻重之别,在装饰风格上呈现出质朴简洁而又不乏雅丽的特点;尤其是兴盛期的下堂大门门壁装饰,出现了定式化的设计。

In the northeast of Guangdong Hakka traditional dwellings can be divided into five types, which are bar house, Tang Heng Wu, confi ning dragon house, Wei Lou, and others. Their decoration can be divided into three categories, which are functional decoration, functional and aesthetic combination of decoration, and aesthetic decoration. Furtherly there exist historical differences, in which the start time of decoration is simple and fl ourishing stage decoration is complicated. In the decoration area, they have differences in the importance of the ceremonial hall system instead of living space. In the decorative style, which shows the characteristics of being simple but do not lack elegance. Especially in the prosperous period of the door decoration, there is a set of designs.