1953-2013年西双版纳州百日咳流行病学特征分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Xishuangbanna prefecture during 1953-2013

[目的]分析1953-2013年西双版纳百日咳发病情况和流行趋势,为调整防控策略提供科学依据。[方法]根据不同时期实际的防控策略将西双版纳州61年来百日咳防控工作划分为4个阶段,对各阶段的疫情资料采用描述流行病学方法和卡方检验方法进行统计学分析。[结果]1953-2013年西双版纳州共报告百日咳病例52,154例,死亡96例,年均发病率为129.33/10万,年均死亡率0.24/10万,其中自然感染流行期(1953-1969年)发病率315.61/10万,至免疫规划时期(2001-2013年)降至1.99/10万;1972-2013年,百日咳一年四季均有发病,3月份的病例开始增多,6-9月为发病高峰,10月后病例明显减少,呈现明显的季节性特征;发病以5岁以下儿童为主(占89.00%);职业分布以托幼儿童和学生居多(占83.91%)。[结论]西双版纳州百日咳预防控制工作成绩显著,但边远山区和边境地区尚存在免疫空白人群,仍存在小规模局部暴发疫情的可能,应进一步加强百日咳疫苗的常规免疫工作,提高接种质量,同时应加强对传染源管理、疫情监测及免疫水平监测,从而有效预防和控制百日咳的流行。

Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Xishuangbanna prefecture during 1953 -2013 so as to provide scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods According to the different periods of the prevention and control strategy during the sixty - one years in Xishuangbanna prefecture that divided into four stages, and data of pertussis in every part of stages were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological and chi -square test. Results It reported a total of 52154 cases of pertussis cases from 1953 to 2013 in Xishuangbanna prefecture, 96 cases of death. The annual morbidity was 129.33/100000 and the annual mortality was 0. 24/100000 from 1953 to 2013. The morbidity in Natural infection epidemic periods （ 1953 - 1969） was 315.61/100000 and drop to 1.99/100000 in im- munization program period. Pertussis increased in the number of cases from March, June and September was peak, cases decreased significantly after October, had obvious seasonal characteristics. Pertussis cases was mostly on children under 5 years old （89.00%） . Occupational distribution was that majority were kidgarden children and students （83.91%） . Conclusions The pertussis prevention and control work is performance significantly in Xishuangbanna prefecture, but it existed immune blank crowd and a small local outbreak in remote mountainous areas and border areas. We should further strengthen routine immunization of pertussis vaccine work, improve the quality of vaccination, and at the same time should strengthen the infection management, epidemic monitoring and immune level monitoring, so as to effectively prevent and control epidemic of pertussis.