离婚自由限制之“苛刻条款”立法研究——以儿童最大利益优先原则为视角

Legislative Research on the "Onerous Terms" of Restriction of Divorce Freedom——From Perspective of Children's Best Interests Principle

儿童最大利益优先原则应当贯穿于婚姻家庭生活的始终。立法不但需要在离婚为既定事实的框架下设法维护儿童权益,而且应通过否定某些情形下的离婚自由,维护儿童基于婚姻的"延续利益",形成全程而周延的子女权益关注和维护机制。通过设置离婚自由"苛刻条款",将"倒三角形"式的家庭自然结构置换为"正三角形"式的利益判断结构,使子女从离婚后果的消极承受者角色,转变为婚姻存续与否的利益参与者,以破解过去未成年子女利益局限于"和谁生活"却无力继续"和父母共同生活"的困境。

Childrenrs Best Interests Principle should be applied in the whole process of the life of marriage and family. Legislation should not only protect the childrenrs interests under the framework of established fact of divorce, but also deny the freedom of divorce in some cases to protect childrenrs ＂extension of interest＂ based on marriage .In this way , a mechanism protecting childrenrs interest throughout the whole course will be formed. ＂ Regu-lar triangle＂ of interest judgment are substituted for ＂ inverted triangle＂ of natural structure of family by means of setting up the ＂onerous terms＂ against freedom of divorce. In that way, children can be the stakeholders of marriage, continuity rather than negative bearers of divorce consequences. Furthermore, the dilemma between ＂living with one of parents＂ and ＂living with parents＂ will be solved.