试论刘凤与汤显祖的乐律之争——从隆万政治的复杂变局说起

The Conflict of Temperamentbe between LIU Feng and TANG Xianzu : From the Historic Transition during the Period from Longqing to Wanli

约在万历十四年至十五年间,和李攀龙、王世贞鼎足而三的吴中耆宿刘凤与汤显祖书信往来,就当时如何复古乐、复古文学颇有议论。其核心问题有二:一是重器数与重人声,二是尚北音与尚南音,而直接反映了嘉靖以来,尤其是隆万之际,以江南为中心,南北会通风气下,文坛的复杂变动,并直指当时政治的复杂变局,及其影响下士林精神的嬗变。可以说,无论在乐学还是在文学上,刘、汤二人的具体主张其实颇有相通之处,但是,一个志在复古乐,一个却以今乐(曲)自放,最终在精神志趣上分道扬镳。

LIU Feng,one of the three venerable scholars of Wu,had kept up a regular correspondence with TANG Xianzu during Wanli 14 to 15,discussing on how to restore music and literature. The two core issues of their discussion,the instruments or the vocals,and the northern music or the southern music,directly reflect the transition of the literary and the political circles,and also the convert of the intellectuals under the situation of integration centered in Jiangnan region during the Period from Longqing to Wanli. LIU and TANG had similar ideas about music and literature,but one aimed at restoring the old music,the other wanted to release by current music. This was what made them separate on spirit and interest.