御书赏赐的文治气象——宋太宗与唐宋御书政治文化的传承和转型

Study on Civil Administrative Atmosphere from Imperial Calligraphy Bestowment: Song Taizong and the Inheritance and Transformation of Imperial Calligraphy Political Culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties

在宋初文治复兴的语境下,宋太宗不断以御书赏赐来传达崇文的政治理念。其御书赏赐的方式由最初效仿和取法唐代到突破唐代的既有模式,逐步建立自己的风格。在飞白书赏赐时,太宗将"当代"的御书故事与唐代的御书典故对应,这透露出他试图复兴由唐代的御书文化所代表的盛世意象的政治意图;而随着宋太宗与词臣们频繁地进行诗词酬唱,他创造性地用御草书诗赏赐翰林学士和两制词臣,这在后人的追念中成了宋初文治昌盛的象征。此外,宋太宗还选择抄录经史故事和儒家经典这些颇有劝谏意义的内容规鉴和引导群臣,并赏赐御书历子给地方官员不断强化皇权与地方的联系。可以说,宋太宗御书赏赐是宋代文化的一个新旧相兼的政治文化传统。

Song Taizong had been continuously awarding imperial calligraphies to his subjects to convey his political concept of culture worships in the context of the renaissance of civil administration in early Song Dynasty. Song Taizong gradually established a culture type of imperial calligraphy bestowment of the Song Dynasty by imitating and emulating and finally breaking through the forms which were those of the Tang Dynasy’ s. Song Taizong consciously corresponded contemporary imperial calligraphy stories with the imperial calligraphy allusions of Tang Dynasty during awarding his calligraphies,which revealed his political intention of reviving Tang Dynasty imperial calligraphy culture that embodied the prosperous times. Taizong awarded cursive handwriting poetries to court scholars and ministers during the poems’ responsorial between them, which gradually became a symbol of civil administration and prosperity which were admired and memorized highly at that time and later. Besides that, Taizong chose to transcribe classics and histories, especially Confucian classics to remonstrate and guide his ministers. At the same time, Taizong awarded the imperial handwriting to the local officials to strengthen the relationship between imperial power and local government. Tai zong’s imperial calligraphy was a critical moment of transition in the political and cultural tradition.