孙中山的中国“大同”和世界“大同”概念辨析

Discrimination between Sun Yat-sen's Two Concepts of China's “the Great Harmony” and the World's “Great Harmony”

孙中山主张将来中国所实现的"大同"和将来世界所实现的"大同"在思想来源和内涵方面均有所不同。因此,这两者并不是同一个概念。所以,国内一些学者的说法,亦即:孙中山主张,先是中国实现"大同",然后将中国的"大同"理想"推广"到全世界,最终在全世界实现这种"大同",是值得商榷的。我们在研究孙中山的"大同"思想时,总体上应将孙中山一生中所谓的将来中国"大同"看成是其民生主义内容,将其所谓的"世界大同"看成是其对外思想或民族主义内容。当然,这两者中的"大同"存在若干共同点,如都"不得为私",都实行平等和互助的原则,等等。但它们毕竟不是同一个概念。

Sun Yat-sen’s “ the great harmony ,that will be realized in the future of China,is different from his another” the great harmony , that will be realized in the future of the world, in the respects of ideological sources and intension. Therefore,the two are not the same concept. So,one saying from some Chinese scholars that Sun Yat-sen advocated China first would realize “ the great harmony ” and then would expand it to the whole world,is worth discussing. When we study his “ the great harmony ’’,on the whole,we should regard China ’ s “ the great harmony ” in the future in his life as his content of the people ’ s livelihood,and regard the world ’ s “ the great harmony ” as his content of diplomatic thinking or nationalism. Of course,the two “ the great harmony ” have some common points,including “ going against private purpose ’’,carrying out principles of equality and mutual assistance and so on. But,they are not the same concept after all.