民事审判范围的扩张与限制

The Expansion and Restriction of the Scope of Civil Trial

在诉审分立的制度中,民事一审法院审判范围应坚持诉审一致原则,包括诉讼请求在内的诉的要素决定着法院审判的范围。但在诉讼实践中,无论是当事人主义还是职权主义民事诉讼模式,法院审判范围存在必要的超越诉的要素范围的合理扩张,包括法定的合理扩张和为实现诉权目的而作出的法理性合理扩张。即便如此,法院审判的范围不能随意逾越诉的范围自由审判,在诉权制约审判权的制度框架内,自然事实说的诉讼标的和诉讼请求的裁判主题,对审判范围具有约束和限制功能。

In the separation system of prosecution and trial,Civil Court of First Instance should insist in applying the principle of the identity of prosecution to the scope of its trial,and each element in complaint claims also determines the scope of its trial. In the judicial practice,however,courts may reasonably go beyond their trial scopes determined by elements of complaint claims,and this excess may be legally reasonable excess and rationally reasonable access for the purpose of achieving the right of action,regardless of whether the mode of civil action is inquisitorial or adversary. Even so,the trial scope of courts cannot be expanded without restrictions,and this expansion should still fall within the institutional framework of the right of action restrict jurisdiction. The object of action and the subject of complaint claims can restrict and limit the scope of trial.