学校社会工作的入场困境与实践策略——基于布迪厄场域理论的分析

The Admission Dilemma and Practice Strategies of School Social Work—— An Analysis of Bourdieu's Field-Habitus Theory

在我国专业社会工作发展的当前阶段,学校社会工作普遍面临角色地位边缘化、专业作用遭受质疑、实践权力缺乏等入场困境。运用布迪厄的场域理论对这些困境作出进一步解释,可以发现:在学校社会工作实践场域中,由于占据不同位置的主体对社会工作的功效存在争议、专业惯习与本土实践场域之间"水土不服"以及不对等的权力关系所造成的诸多制约等原因,学校社会工作者只能在满足校方需求的基础上进行专业服务探索。这不仅有其结构性制约方面的因素,还与社会工作者在实践过程中对本土实践智慧和在地文化因素的忽视有关。对这些问题进行深入探讨,能够为促进专业社会工作在我国的发展提供新的研究视角。

At the present stage of China social work development,school social work generally faces severe admission dilemma such as the marginalization of role position; professional roles being questioned; and lack of practice power. To explain these difficulties further by the Field Theory of Bourdieu,we can find that,in the school social work practice field,due to the controversial ideas of social work effects among differently positioned subjects,the discordance between professional habits and local practical field and the limitations caused by unequal power relations,school social workers can only explore their professional services on the basis of meeting school demands. And the article further points out that two more reasons for the current dilemma——the structural restrictions and the ignorance to local practice wisdom and local culture. To explore these questions in depth,it could provide us new research perspectives on promoting the development of professional social work in China.