从入学考试的制度化脉络与学校名师的创新策略之关联性检视二重性的缺失

Exploring the Practice of Duality by Examining the Interaction between the Entrance Examination of Institutionalized School and the Excellent Teachers in School

A.Giddens提出二重性之概念,以化解结构主义与能动性的对立性,因为他认为结构限制与能动性存在交互关性,此种互动足以构成此种二重性,但前提是能动者须具备一些关键能力,包括发掘社会系统的规则与属性之洞见以及实践能力,因此二重性指涉创新行动足以解构结构限制,并将社会结构推向动态发展的路径。尽管二重性化解结构限制与能动性的对立关系,但此种论点却停留于理论思辨层次,其缺失是,未考虑个体主观意向是驱动能动性方向的主因。社会系统内建特定的报酬系统,其规则大幅影响个人利益的取得,因而当个人利益牵引个体主观意向时,顺应报酬系统的规则往往能确保个人利益,因此能动性的运作不尽然是解除既存结构限制,顺应作为反倒固化既有的结构限制,这也是造成社会进步缓慢的成因之一。以台湾的统一性入学考试与名师的创新行动之关联性,论证上述假定,并从中提出制度化脉络流的概念,亦即制度化的统一考试是中国社会情境脉络的产物,此种制度化连接特定报酬体系,因此个体行动形态等同于在此脉络流中的坐标,特定坐标有对应的报酬程度。

Giddens argues that there are interactions between structural constraints and agency.When the actor possesses knowledge ability and capability,he/she is able to exercise duality that assists him/her to reconstruct the social structure.However,the notion of duality doesn't take personal interests into account,which functions as the core element in regulating the operation of agency.In order to ensure personal gains,the actor needs to confirm with the rules of the reward system embedded within the social system so that this selfish orientation may come to consolidate social constraints rather than to reconstruct the social structure.In order to verify this postulation,this paper focuses on examining the relation between the entrance examination of schools and the excellent teachers.The selection mechanism of the entrance examination of schools was born within Chinese social context,in which the specific reward systems regulate teachers' pedagogical actions.