长期施肥下毛竹林土壤的肥力质量研究

Study on Soil Quality under Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens Forest with Fertilization

2014-2015年,在浙江省16个县（区/市）的毛竹（Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens）林地共采集1 141份土壤样品,分析p H值、有机质、速效钾、有效磷和铵态氮,并采用层次分析法,对其肥力质量进行综合评价。结果表明,浙江省毛竹林地土壤肥力质量总体上较好,占68.75%,其中常山和德清的土壤肥力质量最优,土壤肥力质量指数分别为1.013 5和1.093 6;土壤肥力质量处于中等及以下水平的占31.25%,龙泉、绍兴、龙游的土壤质量较差。相关分析显示,土壤的铵态氮与计算得到的土壤肥力质量综合指数呈现极显著的相关性（R=0.943,P〈0.01）,另外,土壤有机质和速效钾含量与土壤肥力质量综合指数也呈极显著的正相关,其相关系数平方值分别达到了0.640（P〈0.01）和0.670（P〈0.01）,表明氮元素、有机质和速效钾含量是衡量土壤肥力质量的重要指标。毛竹林地土壤p H在4.5~8.5,平均为4.84,土壤的酸化与林农偏施氮肥有一定的关系。

From 2014 to 2015, 1141 soil samples were collected from Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens forest with fertilization in 16 counties of Zhejiang province. Determinations were made on soil pH, organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. Analytic hierarchy process on soil quality of 16 counties resulted that good quality of soil occupied 68.75%, the best was in Changshan and Deqing with quality index of 1.0135 and 1.0936, the left （31.25%） was medium or below, especially in Longquan, Shaoxing and Longyou. Correlation analysis showed that soil ammonium nitrogen had significant correlation （R=0.943, P 〈0.01） with soil fertility quality index, as well as soil organic matter and available potassium content with soil fertility quality index , with R square of 0.640 （P〈0.01） and 0.670 （P〈0.01）, indicating that nitrogen, organic matter and available potassium was important indicator for soil fertility quality. The determination demonstrated that mean pH value of the tested soil was 4.84, perhaps caused by fertilization with nitrogen.