非法实物证据排除存在的问题及对策研究

Research on Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Illegal Material Evidence Exclusion Rule

非法实物证据排除是非法证据排除规则的核心内容,从某种意义上而言,对非法实物证据进行排除将是我国未来立法发展的一个重要方向。但是,自2012年新刑诉法实施以来,非法证据排除规则的适用及其效果并不理想,特别是非法实物证据的排除近乎为零,存在观念滞后、机制不完善、体制制约等问题,具体表现为:法官"不想排"、"不好排"、"不敢排"。为此,这就需要明确改革思路。首先,必须要树立"人权保障"的基本诉讼理念;其次,要完善非法证据排除的相关运行机制,包括合理界定非法实物证据,建立取证程序禁止性规范,降低排除程序启动标准,规范检察机关证明方式等;最后,应当落实法官独立审判。

Illegal material evidence exclusion is the core content of exclusionary rule of illegal material evidence. In some sense, illegal materialevidence exclusion will be an important direction of the development of the legislation in our country in the future. But, the application of theexclusionary rule of illegal material evidence and its effects have not been ideal since the new criminal procedure law of 2012, especially, the numberof material evidence exclusion case is nearly equal to “Zero”, which is caused by many reasons, including “backward conception”, “imperfectmechanism”, “institutional constraints”. These reasons are displayed by the following specific forms： The judge “doesn’t want to exclude”, or “is notbe easy to exclude”, or “dares not to exclude” the evidence. This will require a clear reform of thoughts. Firstly, we must set up the basic litigationconception of human rights protection. Secondly, improve relevant mechanisms of the exclusionary rule of illegal material evidence, includingreasonable definition of the illegal material evidence, establishing the prohibitory regulations for the collection of the evidence, lowering the standardsof starting the exclusionary procedure, and regulating justification rule of the procuratorial organs. Lastly, we should implement independentadjudication of the judge.