滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及对土地利用变化的响应——以江苏省大丰市为例

Scale Effect of Landscape Pattern Index and Its Response to Land Use Change in the Coastal Development Zone:A Case Study of Dafeng City in Jiangsu Province

以江苏省大丰市为例,基于景观生态学方法,从斑块类型和整体景观两个水平研究了滨海开发带景观格局指数的尺度效应及其对土地利用变化的响应。结果表明:斑块水平上,耕地、水域及水利设施用地是对尺度变化较为敏感的用地类型;斑块密度、斑块结合度指数、斑块聚集度指数、有效网格大小、面积加权平均形状指数是对尺度变化较为敏感的指数。景观水平上,不同转换尺度形成的土地利用景观的空间异质性差异不大;各景观指数随尺度增加均呈现出下降的趋势,其变化可用指数函数或二项式函数进行拟合。2008年以来土地利用变化使景观的丰富度和结构的复杂性有所提升,景观斑块的破碎度、连通性和聚集性降低,分离度增大。总体上滨海开发带土地利用变化使研究区景观格局更加合理,生态稳定性进一步增强。

Based on landscape ecology method,at the patch and landscape scale,this paper studied the scale effect of landscape pattern index and its response to land use change in the coastal development zone in Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province.The results showed that at the patch scale,cultivated land,water and water conservancy facilities were more sensitive to the scale change;the patch density,patch cohesion index,aggregation index,effective mesh size,area-weighted mean shape index were more sensitive to scale change.At the landscape level,the spatial heterogeneity of land use landscape was not significant with the scale transformation;the landscape index showed a downward trend with the increasing of scale.The change of the landscape index can be fitted by exponential function or binomial function.Since 2008,the change of land use had promoted the richness and complexity of landscape,the fragmentation degree,connectivity and aggregation of landscape patches were decreased,and the degree of separation was increased.On the whole,the landscape pattern of the study area was more reasonable,and the ecological stability was further strengthened with the land use change of the coastal development zone.