近代戏曲变革与“四大名旦”崛起

Modern Opera Changes and the Rise of “Four Famous Dan Actors”

20世纪上半叶是中国戏曲快速发展的时代,运用历史文献、戏曲批评和艺术分析等研究方法,对20世纪初叶相继出现的两次戏曲变革给予资料爬梳、艺术分析和理性把握,认为传统戏曲的变革是与江南民族资本主义兴起密切关联而肇事兴起的,是在文化的激烈冲突与碰撞中有选择地借鉴和吸收外来舞台艺术、在市场化舞台搬演竞争中逐步走向繁兴的,而其中的京剧艺术在这场变革中所取得的艺术成就最为突出。在流派纷呈、争奇斗艳的京剧舞台艺术中,尤以号称"四大名旦"的"梅程荀尚"共同托起了中国京剧20世纪上半叶的辉煌,创造了古典戏曲艺术至高无上的巅峰。

The first half of the 20th century witnessed the rapid development of traditional Chinese opera. Using the historical literature, opera criticism and analysis, this paper studies two opera changes in the firsthalf of the 20th century. It claims that the changes of the traditional opera were closely associated with the rise of national capitalism occurred in the regions south of the Yangtze River. Under the intense conflict and collision of cultures, the traditional opera selectively drew lessons from and absorbed foreign stage art, and gradually flourished through the marketization of stage play competition. Peking Opera made the highest artistic achievements in these changes. With the various genres contending in beauty and fascination, Peking Operastage art especially “Mei Cheng Xun Shang”,the socalled “Four Famous Dan Actors” jointly helped PekingOpera reach the glory in the first half of the 20th century, and created the supreme peaks of the classical operaart.