救济农村还是购买公债?——20世纪30年代前半期江浙金融资产阶级同南京国民政府在金融政策上的冲突与官僚垄断资本主义道路的形成

Rural Relief or Buy Bonds?——A Conflict between Jiangzhe Financial Bourgeois and Nanjing National Government in the Financial Policy and Establishment of the Bureaucrat Monopoly Capital in the Earlier 1930s'

曾经执中国经济牛耳的江浙金融资产阶级在1927年支持蒋介石建立了南京国民政府,期望在南京国民政府的支持下发展民族资本主义。但是,在1931-1934年的经济危机中,面对农村金融枯竭、农村经济崩溃和民族工商业危机的严重困难,江浙金融资产阶级在应如何应对危机、如何调整银行业务、应以救济农村和挽救国民经济危机为重还是以购买政府公债、为南京政府提供军费为主等有关国民经济和国家发展方向的重大政策上,与南京国民政府发生了尖锐的冲突。南京国民政府并趁机采取一系列措施侵蚀和控制了江浙金融资本,确立了国民党官僚垄断金融资本的统治地位,使中国走上了官僚垄断资本主义发展道路。

As a leading economic class, the Jiangzhe Financial Bourgeois supported Chiang Kaishek to establish the Nanjing National Government in 1927, and naturally needed the support from the government to develop the national capitalism. During 1931 and 1934, however, there occurred a sharp conflict between them in dealing with the financial exhaustion and economic collapse in the urban and rural areas, especially over how to cope with economic crisis, how to adjust the banking business and h o w to choose the balance point between the rural relief and buying the bonds so as to provide the government with war funds. Taking a series of measures, Nanjing National Government controlled the Jiangzhe financial capital, and established the dominance of the Kuomintang financial bureaucrat monopoly capital.