滇池高等沉水植物50年变迁状况对生态修复的启示

Dynamic changes of higher submerged macrophytes in Dianchi Lake in recent 50 years and implication for ecological restoration

跟踪滇池50年来高等沉水植物的演变状况,不但可以更为客观和综合地评判滇池水生态状况及其变化动向,还可以为沉水植物的修复提供科学依据。研究表明,1957—2010年间,滇池共出现高等沉水植物22种,其中1957—1963年19种,1975—1977年11种,1981—1983年13种,1995—1997年和2001年均10种,2008年8种,2010年7种,总体呈现出明显的减少趋势。根据各时段出现的频率,确定穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)3种沉水植物可作为滇池生态修复先锋物种;黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、苦草(Vanllisneria natans)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)4种植物可作为较早恢复和种植的对象。微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、穿叶眼子菜(Potamogeton perfoliatus)和大茨藻(Najas marina)可在滇池沉水植物生态恢复中期工程中使用。

In this study, we tracked the dynamic changes of higher submerged macrophytes （ HSM） in Dianchi Lake over the last 50 years. This study not only evaluates the aquatic status and its changing tendency more objectively and comprehensively, but also provides a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of HSM. The results show that there were in total 22 species of HSM in Dianchi Lake during the period from 1957 to 2010, of which 19 species appeared during the period from 1957 to 1963,11 species appeared during the period from 1975 to 1977,13 species appeared during the period from 1981 to 1983,ten species appeared during the period from 1995 to 1997,10 species appeared in 2001,eight species appeared in 2008, and seven species appeared in 2010. Overall,the number of HSM species showed an obvious downtrend. According to the occurrence frequency of species in field investigation, it is suggested that three species of HSM, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton malaianus,and Potamogeton pectinatus,should be used as the pioneer species for ecological restoration of Dianchi Lake. Four species,Hydrilla verticillata,Potamogeton crisus,Vanllisneria natans,and Ceratophyllum demersum could be cultivated at the early stage of restoration. Another three species, Potamogeton maackianus, Potamogetonpero1 iatus,and Najas marina,could be used in the middle stage of ecological restoration of HSM.