论二次创作的著作权法规制与保障

On the Regulation and Protection of the Secondary Creation by Copyright Law

在数字化、互联网等新技术条件下,原始创作激励与二次创作自由之间的关系紧张成为日益突显的问题,而我国著作权法缺乏保障二次创作空间、平衡原始创作作者与二次创作作者利益的制度建构。美国的变型使用规则是美国法院在适用合理使用制度时逐步发展出来的一个规则,使得构成变型使用的二次创作行为有可能因符合合理使用而被排除出侵权行为之外,从而为二次创作的保障提供了新思路,但本身也存在界定不清、适用不连贯、利益分配不公等问题。在借鉴与批判的基础上,建议在我国著作权法上重构一个独立的可供当事人选择适用的补偿型变型使用制度,以适度解放二次创作空间,并在原始作品作者与二次创作作者之间实现利益平衡。

Under new technology of digitalization and internet, the tension between incentives for originalcreation and freedom of secondary creation has increasingly become an urgent problem, however, we lack thecorresponding legislation to secure room for secondary creation and to balance the interests between the creatorsof original and secondary works. The transformative rule under U.S copyright law was evolved from applicationof the fair use doctrine by courts for years. Although it has its own problems, like ambiguous definition,inconsistent application and unfair distribution of interests, this rule has made it possible for the act of secondarycreation to be immune to copyright infiingement when it constitutes transformative use, and thus provides anew method to safeguard secondary creation. By borrowing and reconstruction of this rule, a complementarytransformative use system which is optional to use, is suggested being established in order to leave room forsecondary creators and strike a balance between original and secondary authors.