王国维“国学”的“东学”渊源

The Relationship between“Dong Xue”and Wang Guowei's Thought on“Guo Xue”

王国维是中国近代著名的国学者之一,被誉为国学大师。近代国学家们普遍用"东学"指"日本学术",分析王国维"国学"思想与日本学术有深刻的学术渊源,即分析王国维的"国学"的"东学"渊源。首先,王国维通过日本更多地了解了西方近代思想。最早把康德、叔本华介绍给中国的是王国维,其背景与受明治思想影响有关。王国维虽然直接用英语也多少了解了西方思想,但是更多的是他通过日本对西方近代思想的翻译著作,深入地了解了西方近代思想。然后在了解西方近代思想与明治思想的基础上,反思、发扬本国的"国学"。其次,王国维近代意义上的"国学"思想受日本思想影响。王国维很早就研究中国传统意义上的国学,而王国维近代意义上的"国学"思想,是他在东渡日本后,使中国传统文化在与西方近代、尤其是日本近代思想交融之后的思想。王国维像日本近代"国学"者那样以本国文化为中心,从而推崇本国固有文化,但王国维并没有像日本近代国学者那样排斥外来文化。再次,王国维与日本学者的学术交流与相互影响。王国维"国学"的研究范围比较广,与日本学者藤虎次郎、藤田丰八、狩野直喜、神田喜一郎等有比较深入的学术交流。

Wang Guowei is one of the famous Chinese scholars in modern times, also known as the masterof Chinese culture. Modern scholars commonly use “Dong Xue” to refer to “thoughts and studies inJapan”. Since Wang Guowei’s thought on “Guo Xue” has profound academic origin with Japanese studies,this article namely analyzes the relationship between “Dong Xue” and “Guo Xue”. First of all, WangGuowei learns more about the western modern thoughts in Japan. Influenced by the Meiji thoughts？ hebecame the first one to introduce philosophy of Kant and Schopenhauer into China. Although he knewmore or less western modern thoughts directly in English, his in-depth understanding of western modernthoughts mainly relied on reading translation works that were written in Japanese. After the absorption ofwestern modern thoughts and Meiji thoughts？ he reflected and developed “Guo Xue” in modern China.Secondly, Wang Guowei？ s thought on aGuo Xuew in the modern sense has been affected by Japanesethought. Wang Guowei started to study traditional Chinese learning in an early time？ but his thought on“Guo Xue” in the modern sense is the product that especially blends traditional Chinese culture withmodern Japanese thoughts. Wang Guowei advocated inherent culture to dominate as modern Japanesescholars did, but he didn？t show any repulsive attitude towards foreign cultures. Finally, Wang Guoweikeeps academic exchanges and interactions with Japanese scholars. His idea of “Guo Xue” involves a widerange of research, so he has quite deep communication with Japanese scholars such as Naito Torajiro？Toyohati Fujita？ Kano Naoki and Kanda Kiichiro.