从历代《达赖喇嘛传》看活佛转世定制

Look into the Reincarnation System of Living Buddha based on the Biographies of the Successive Dalai Lamas

达赖喇嘛转世从来不是纯粹的宗教事务,更不是个人事务。达赖喇嘛世系活佛转世制度产生之初,就与明朝中央政府保持了密切联系。清代乾隆朝以后,凡达赖喇嘛转世手续,掣签或不掣签,均需呈报中央核定。历代中央政府高度重视达赖喇嘛活佛转世事务,不断加强审验管理力度,在达赖喇嘛活佛转世上形成了一整套规范管理的历史定制。可以说,达赖喇嘛转世灵童的寻访认定过程,始终体现了中央政府权威,象征着中央对西藏地方行使主权。

Dalai Lama’ s reincarnation has neither been pure religious affairs, nor personal affairs. Since thebeginning,Dalai Lama’s reincarnation system had kept a close contact with the central government ofthe Ming Dynasty. By Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, every procedure of the Dalai Lama’ s reincarnation ,including whether lot - drawing or not,must be reported to the central for approval.Generations of the central government attaches great importance to the reincarnation of the DalaiLama,and continuously strengthen the inspection management. Searching process of the Dalai Lama’ s reincarnation always embodies the authorty of the central government. And it was a symbol management that the central government exercise sovereignty over Tibet. Mainly according to the Biography of theDalai Lama, the paper combed the histor formation and development process of Dalai Lama＇ s reincarnation system and the management of the central governments over Tibet.