试论海外非法移民返回(遣返)制度

A Study on the System of Overseas Illegal Migrants Return (Repatriation)

海外非法移民是中国面临的非传统安全领域的问题之一。海外非法移民是指在海外的非法进入或滞留在其他国家和地区的中国公民,重点是偷渡者,享有入境权。海外非法移民返回(遣返)制度的原则是先核查后遣返、整批整船遣返、自己支付费用等。2008年以来,海外非法移民返回(遣返)制度在保护海外非法移民合法权益、严厉制裁偷越国(边)境者、重点制裁非法移民的组织者、运输者和中介机构等方面取得进展。海外非法移民返回(遣返)制度存在制度文件源于多处和位阶低、偷越国(边)境罪法律不完善、返回(遣返)条件严格等不足。探究海外非法移民返回(遣返)制度的完善,寻求解救海外非法移民问题的更有效方法,势在必行。

Overseas Chinese illegal migrants is one of the issues China has faced in the field of non-traditional security. Overseas Chinese illegal migrants refers to overseas citizens illegally entering into and residing in other countries,particular smugglers,having the right to return. The principles of Chinese policy on readmission（ repatriation） of illegal migrants are verification-before-readmission,readmission-in-batch,at-immigrant’s-expense,cracking down on illegal immigration and international cooperation. Since 2008 in which economic crisis erupted in the world,Chinese policy on readmission（ repatriation） of illegal migrants is moving ahead in the regards of protecting the legal rights and interests of Chinese illegal migrants,severe punishment by law on those who illegally cross Chinese border as well key punishment on the organizer,transporter and agency of illegal migrants in China as well. Deficiencies of Chinese policy on readmission（ repatriation） of illegal migrants are mainly multi-sources and low hierarchy of policy files,in-advanced laws of secretly crossing national boundary（ border） crimination and high criterion of readmission. It is imperative to improve the Chinese policy on readmission（ repatriation） of illegal migrants,find out much effective ways to solve the issues of overseas Chinese illegal migrants.