1989-1991年的政治斗争与苏联体制的终结——宏观结构与微观选择相结合视角的分析

The Political Struggle during 1989-1991 and the End of the Soviet System——An analysis based on macro structure and micro selection

苏联解体以来,学术界对这一重大历史事件的研究成果颇丰,视角极多,可以简单归纳为宏观和微观视角。文章在简要分析两大视角的基础上,从宏观历史结构与微观行动选择相结合的视角,选择对苏联解体起着关键作用的1989-1991年政治斗争作为研究对象,重新解读苏联解体这一历史事件,分析体制是如何限制了斗争各方的行为选择,而主体的行为选择又是如何冲破体制的限制,最终促成体制的崩溃。

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, academic circles have studied this major historical event with abundant achievements and from numerous perspectives, which can be reduced to macro perspective and micro perspective. On the basis of analyzing these two perspectives and combining the history structure at the macro level with the behavior selection at the micro level, this paper studies the political struggle during 1989 -1991 which played a key role in the collapse of the Soviet Union, takes a new look at this historical event, and analyzes how the Soviet system restricted the behavior selection of the parties involved in the struggle and how the behavior selection of those parties broke through the restrictions of the system and finally led to the breakdown of the system.