他者的凝视:中国古代仕女画中的镜意象研究

The Gaze of the Other: a Study of the Image of Mirror in the Ancient Traditional Chinese Painting of Ladies

镜意象在仕女画中主要表现为镜像,是表现仕女内心世界的重要媒介。镜像是仕女主观建构的理想自我,是作为他者而存在的。镜像建构了第二、三重他者,使得画作具有了讽喻与反思的意味。仕女与镜像是为了被看而产生,是在凝视中存在的。他者作为凝视的主体,其凝视包含欲望、权力与反思三重目光。仕女与文人在对镜像的凝视中完成自我认知,并成为他者,其自我是失落的。他们均是为了他者的观看而存在的,他者主宰其命运,从而折射出古代仕女与文人的心理症候与悲剧性命运。

The image of mirror in the traditional Chinese Painting of Ladies is mainly represented as the mirror image,and is an important medium to reflect the ladies＇ inner world. The mirror image was the ideal Ego constructed subjectively by the ladies,and existed as the Other.The mirror image constructed a second or third ＂the Other＂s,and rendered them allegorical and reflective connotations. The ladies and the mirror images existed in the gaze as being watched. The Other is the subject of the gaze whose gaze contains triple visions of desire,power and reflection. The ladies and literati completed their self-cognition and become the Other in the gaze of the mirror image whose Ego is lost.They existed for the watching of the Other who dominated their fate and thus reflected the mentality and tragic fates of the ancient ladies and literati.